1. Introduction

Chongqing Jinfoshan National Nature Reserve (Jinfoshan NNR) is the first national nature reserve in Chongqing, which was founded in 1979 and approved as a national level by the State Council in 2000. The reserve is located in Nanchuan District of Chongqing, at the junction of Chongqing and Guizhou, bordering Wulong District of Chongqing and Daozhen County of Guizhou Province in the east, Zhengan County and Tongzi County of Guizhou Province in the south, Wansheng Economic Development Zone of Chongqing in the west and Nanchuan City in the north. It is located between 28°50’-29°20’ north latitude and 106°55’-107°20’ east longitude, with a total area of 40,597 hectares, with the lowest elevation of 424 meters and the highest elevation of 2238 meters. It includes 9,870 hectares of core zone, 11,113 hectares of buffer zone and 19,614 hectares of experimental zone. Mainly protect mid-subtropical forest ecosystem with rare wild animals and plants such as Cathaya argyrophylla, forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) and François’s langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) as the main protection objects. At present, the management organization of Chongqing Jinfoshan NNR is a subordinate institution of Chongqing Forestry Bureau, with 14 officers and 38 full-time and part-time ecological monitors.

2. Biodiversity

Jinfo Mountain is located at the geographical crossroads connecting east and west and blending north and south of China. It is the highest peak at the northern end of Dalou Mountain, the intersection of China-Japan and China-Himalayan flora, and also the intersection of Oriental and Palaearctic flora. The biological flora of the reserve has an ancient origin, which is less affected by Quaternary glaciers. It is rich in endangered, endemic and relic species, and has historical research value and comprehensive conservation value of paleogeography, paleogeology, paleoclimate and paleontology.

Jinfoshan NNR is one of the most well-preserved areas of evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem in China. It is also the northernmost region where wild rare and endangered animals and plants such as Cathaya argyrophylla and François’s langur are enriched and distributed. It is known as the national precious biological species “gene bank”. According to the statistics of Southwest University and other relevant data, there are at least 4,016 vascular plants, among which the National Key Protected Wild Plants are Cathaya argyrophylla, Ginkgo biloba, Davidia involucrata, Tetracentron sinense, Liriodendron chinensis and Torreya fargesii. There are at least 465 species of vertebrates, among which, the National Key Protected Wild Animals are François’s langur, clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosi), forest musk deer, golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), black stork (Ciconia nigra), Sichuan partridge (Arborophila rufipectus), giant salamander (Andrias davidianus), golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus), Temminck’s tragopan (Tragopan temminckii), white-bellied green-pigeon (Treron sieboldii) and other 47 species, including 7 National Class I Protected Wild Animals; There are 2,067 species of insects. The size of the protected area is less than 5% of the whole country, but the native seed plants account for one sixth of the total number of the whole country. There are 232 type specimen plants named after Nanchuan or Jinfo Mountain.

The strata of the reserve are well developed in all ages. At present, it is exposed from Cambrian to Tertiary, with spectacular and peculiar landforms, numerous cliffs and abundant springs and waterfalls. The subalpine karst caves above 2,000 meters above sea level are rare in the world, and its natural landscape is very infectious. Its topography is both the characteristics of Sichuan Basin and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The typical karst platform is original, and most of the vegetation grows on mountain limestone. The soil of these limestone is thin. Once the vegetation is destroyed, it will be very difficult to restore.

3. Conservation and Community Management

The reserve involves 11 towns (streets), 32 administrative villages and 79 communities in Nanchuan District, with 3,531 households and 12,719 local residents. Protected area management agencies have always adhered to the principle of "protection priority and green development", guided by planning, and in accordance with the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Nature Reserves, entry into the core zone is prohibited, tourism, production and business activities are prohibited in the buffer zone, and human activities are managed according to the zoning control requirements approved by the experimental zone according to law. The reserve focuses on patrol, scientific research and monitoring, nature education, forest fire prevention, pest prevention and control, rescue of rare and endangered species, etc., to carry out the protection of natural resources in the area and maintain ecological security.

• Adhere to manual field inspections and patrols, and specially plan 6 key monitoring sample lines and 8 key monitoring areas;

• Carry out the development of smart protected areas and gradually realize network dynamic management;

• Through popular science and nature education, guide the public to spontaneously support or consciously participate in conservation of protected areas;

• Signed a territorial co-management agreement with townships and forest public security bureaus in the jurisdiction, signed a memorandum of cooperation with neighboring Guizhou protected areas, deepened joint defense, joint control and joint insurance cooperation, and jointly stopped, cracked down and rectified illegal and criminal activities;

• Do a good job in forest fire prevention, pine wood nematode control, wild animal epidemic prevention and control, etc., to minimize forest disasters;

• Carry out scientific research work on Cathaya argyrophylla, forest musk deer and François’s langur to promote breeding of rare species;

• Cooperate with universities and scientific research institutions in scientific research, installed 9 sets of monitoring equipment and set up more than 150 infrared camera monitoring points, including the establishment of "Jinfoshan Karst and Cave Monitoring Experimental Station of UNESCO International Karst Research Center" with Guilin Karst Institute, established hydrogeology environment monitoring station with Southwest University, national field scientific observation and research station of Jinfoshan Karst Ecosystem, and air negative oxygen ion monitoring point with the Investigation, Planning and Design Institute of State Forestry and Grassland Bureau；

• Published nearly 100 Scientific research articles in recent years, including "Investigation Report on Cathaya argyrophylla Resources in Jinfoshan Nature Reserve", "Study on Individual Behavior of Francois Langur in Jinfoshan Nature Reserve", "Preliminary Study on Seed Plant Flora in Jinfoshan Nature Reserve", "Macrofungi Diversity and Resource Protection and Sustainable Utilization in Chongqing Jinfoshan Nature Reserve", "Investigation on Dominant Species of Plant Communities at Different Altitude Gradients in Jinfoshan Nature Reserve", "Pharmacognostic Study on Endangered Chinese Herbal Medicine Euchresta japonica", "Research on Saving and Protecting the Rare and Endangered Plants in Jinfoshan Nature Reserve" and "Preliminary Study on the Evaluation System of Rare and Endangered Plants in Jinfoshan Nature Reserve". The "Jinfoshan Five Excellences" of Cathaya argyrophylla, Ginkgo, Nanchuan tea (Camellia nanchuanica) and etc. are all registered as National Geographical Logo. The CCTV Secret Eye Program broadcasts François’s langur, the hairy deer (Elaphodus cephalophus) and macaque (Macaca mulatta) in Chongqing Jinfoshan NNR. CCTV broadcasted "Record the Activity Process of Wild François’s langur Cubs in Color Change Period for the First time" in Chao Wen Tian Xia column, and Xinhua News Agency reported it at the same time.